Renewed calls for GPS tracking collars for endangered tuskers

Owners of poached elephants may escape punishment – report

A group of wealthy businessmen, a Buddhist priest and other social higher-ups on trial in Sri Lanka for allegedly keeping illegally captured elephants may get their animals back — legally.

Sri Lanka’s government says it is ready to forgive the owners of poached elephants and give them a chance to apply for license provided they can prove in court that they did not know the animals that were confiscated from them had been illegally captured from the wild.

In the South Asian island nation, an elephant in the backyard has long been a sign of wealth, privilege and power. Though capturing wild elephants has been banned for decades and registration records indicate there should be only 127 elephants in captivity— most of them older — young elephants are a common sight in the country’s 400 or so Buddhist religious processions and traditional ceremonies every year.

In the last two years, the government has confiscated 39 elephants whose owners produced either false permits or none at all. Some had paid as much as $200,000 per captured animal when a previous government was in office, according to the Wildlife Ministry. It would suggest the authorities had either turned a blind eye to the racket or sold fake licenses.

The current trial Involves 42 people — four of them accused of illegally capturing and trading in wild elephants, 27 who allegedly altered the official elephant registry and issued and obtained false documents, five suspected of possessing elephants without licenses and six held for possessing licenses without actually having an elephant in their backyard.

Among them are a prominent Buddhist priest and a judge. If convicted, they could face a maximum 10 years in prison or a fine or both.

But if the government has its way, some of them could walk free and own an elephant legally.

A measure adopted by the Cabinet in April says only poachers and wildlife officers who collude with them by providing forged licenses will face punishment.

According to Wildlife Minister Gamini Jayawickrama Perera, owners may get a second chance if they are able to prove that they did not know their elephants were illegally captured or the paperwork fraudulent.

“There are some people who love the animals and maybe they have taken them without knowing. If there are genuine cases proved in court then the court can decide and tell us,” Perera said.It wasn’t clear when the court will rule or if it will take the government’s view into account. But the suggestion has irked conservationists who say it sets a bad precedent..”

“This is nonsense,” said Sumith Pilapitiya a former World Bank environmental specialist. “The onus is on the buyer to make sure the paperwork is right.”

“You are trying to legalize something illegal, looking for loopholes,” he said.

The reason for the government’s unexpected leniency toward owners of poached elephants lies in Sri Lanka’s traditions. It wasn’t a problem decades and centuries ago when elephants were plentiful, but the population has since been decimated.

Perera said it’s difficult for the government to feed and care for elephants confiscated from homes and temples. There is also a shortage of elephants in religious processions, most of which take place around the same time this month.

Perera said the government’s measure was not meant to give an escape route to the offenders.

“We can’t give guarantees to anyone, illegal is illegal,” he said, adding that prospective owners could re-apply for an elephant license “according to the judgment given by the court.

Source- 08/07/2017,adaderana, See more at – http://www.adaderana.lk/news/41800/owners-of-poached-elephants-may-escape-punishment-report

Dumping garbage on Muthurajawela wetlands adversely impacts environment

Dumping hundreds of tons of garbage in Dalatura and Nugape areas in the Muthurajawela wetlands is already having its environmental impact, residents warned.
The residents told the Sunday Times they are concerned about health risks, floods and the threat of dengue as the garbage site is left uncovered with unsegregated garbage covering the marshland.
President of the Organisation for Protecting Muthurajawela Sanctuary, Anil Lankapura Jayamaha said that private owners who claim they own the land, support and allow Govt to fill the land with garbage, to clear reserve areas which extend over 200 acres.

He explained that dengue cases have been increasing in Muthurajawela after the dumping of garbage took place. He said that people in the area are unable to open the doors of their houses due to the stench, mosquitoes and swarms of flies. “People are concerned of their health and therefore, they engage in protests, but the groups supporting the private owner have been settled at the entrance of the dump site, and they enter into confrontations with the villagers,” Mr Jayamaha said.

Area residents said around 17 houses have developed cracks after hundreds of trucks arrived in the area where the dump site is located. An affected resident, Nirajan Priyasad said his house developed cracks after trucks filled with tons of garbage, proceeded one after another to Dalatura. “We villagers refused, yet the police provided them security. The smelly garbage was taken in front of our houses and we could not do anything about it”, he said.

“This happened suddenly, the dumping started from last week. We were not informed,” he said. Another resident, Asanka Sovis, who works as a labourer in a private company, said his house walls also showed signs of cracking. He said the water in the area is contaminated and smelly, while they are forced to live with the stench. “I can’t even have a walk outside now, I have been forced indoors,” he said . A visit by a Sunday Times team to Dalatura garbage site showed that a thin layer of soil had been laid over the garbage while some of the areas had plastic bags, rubble organic material, while in some areas garbage had been set on fire.

Central Environmental Authority officials who visited the area told residents the dumping of garbage at the Dalathura site was unacceptable and damaging to the environment.

Source – 09/07/2017, The Sunday Times, See more at – http://www.sundaytimes.lk/170709/news/dumping-garbage-on-muthurajawela-wetlands-adversely-impacts-environment-249315.html

Plastic polluter: Sri Lanka victim of wrong data by World Bank

The information that Sri Lanka’s per capita waste generation rate is 5.1kg per day is an un-sourced, unverifiable statistic first published in the 2012 What a Waste (WaW) report

Widely published information that Sri Lanka is the fifth largest polluter of seas is based on an erroneous statistic first released in a World Bank study which was then used by researchers to compile a list of worst offender countries, the Sunday Times found.
Domestic and international media continue to report that Sri Lanka falls only behind China, Indonesia, the Philippines and Vietnam in how much plastics it dumps into the sea. This is drawn from a February 2015 article in the peer-reviewed Science Magazine which states, among other things, that Sri Lanka generates 5.1kg of waste per person, per day; that 1.59 million metric tons of this is mismanaged plastic waste; and that it dumps between 0.24 and 0.64 million metric tons of plastic into the sea each year.

But the information that Sri Lanka’s per capita waste generation rate is 5.1kg per day is an un-sourced, unverifiable statistic first published in the 2012 What a Waste (WaW) report of the World Bank. There is no reference for this calculation; nor is it divulged how it was arrived at.

The World Bank has now confirmed that there was an error in the waste generation number. It was identified only because the Sunday Times called for verification. A spokesperson also said: “As you know, this is a report that came out in 2012 and it is currently in the process of getting reviewed and updated. We will be able to provide you with updated data as soon as the report is available.”

In collecting data for the South Asia region for 2017 WaW, the Bank will use the Comprehensive Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan for Targeted Provinces in Sri Lanka by UNHABITAT and the Data Collection Survey on Solid Waste Management in the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). The reports are still being reviewed but per capita generation rates roughly range between 0.46kg and 0.52kg.

The 2016 WaW has depended on two sources for Sri Lanka data. One is a 2009 report from the United Nations Statistics Division which captured waste generation figures from Dehiwala-Mt Lavinia and Moratuwa. The former is 0.73 kg per person, per day and the latter is 0.67 kg per person, per day. There is no national level information cited.

The other is An Overview of the Issue of Solid Waste Management in Sri Lanka authored by K. L. S. Perera for the 2003 Third International Conference on Environment and Health. The Sunday Times accessed it online and also interviewed Mr. Perera, a retired Senior Lecturer at the Siyane National College of Education in Veyangoda. His paper states that Colombo faces a “severe crisis with respect to the disposal of around 1,500 tons of solid waste material per day” but makes no reference to 5.1kg per person, per day.

These shortcomings in WaW went unnoticed. But in 2015, a seven-member research team released an article in the academic journal ‘Science Magazine’ listing Sri Lanka as one of the worst polluters of seas based on WaW data. Headed by Jenna Jambeck, Associate Professor in the College of Engineering at the University of Georgia, the group also estimated the percentage of waste inadequately managed by each country using a “logistic regression model”. Sri Lanka fared miserably.

The Sunday Times contacted Dr. Jambeck, who is a committed environmentalist, as far back as 2015. She said, while the data taken from the World Bank and Sri Lanka estimates had also seemed high to her team, they could not cherry-pick countries to correct. She recommended that localised data from the respective countries be examined to see if waste generation estimates could be refined.

When we reconnected with Dr. Jambeck this year – as Sri Lanka’s worldwide ranking was being publicised again owing to the collapse of the Meethotamulla garbage dump and related issues – she pointed out that the goal of their work had been to create a global number. “We state that in-country data should be confirmed by on-the-ground data and research,” she explained.
Dr. Jambeck said, as she did at a press conference in 2015, that the paper is not about pointing fingers. “The data was provided to be transparent so that exactly what you are doing is possible,” she explained.

“We want people to look at the data and refine it over time. We used the best available data at the time.”
But the team also created a list. This is what most media – including local journalists – pounced on; and how Sri Lanka suddenly gained global notoriety based on a statistic nobody can still account for. The list, Dr. Jambeck said, was a means of looking at “influencing factors”. As lead author, she did not single out any country (except USA, where she is from) for discussion. Journalists decided to do that.

“It is a snapshot in time,” she continued, about the list. “Ten years ago, it would be different, and ten years into the future, it would be different.’ The researchers found that middle income countries with rapidly developing economies, large coastal populations and coastline, and where infrastructure has lagged behind this development, had larger issues with waste.

Sri Lanka fits the bill. Even ten years ago, however, waste generation figures were not as high as cited in the 2016 WaW. The Central Environmental Authority does not have a centralised repository of historic data, said J. M. U. Indrarathne, Deputy Director General (Waste Management).

But the 2003 JICA Study on Improvement of Solid Waste Management in Secondary Cities in Sri Lanka found average waste generation rates in seven study towns to be 0.98kg per person, per day (from 0.88kg in Matale to 1.18kg in Kandy). That the CEA lacks its own data in a country floundering about in waste generation and disposal issues is a matter of discussion.
In the end, however, lists and rankings are immaterial. Sri Lanka has a serious problem with waste generation and disposal. The status quo has not improved for decades. Whether it is fifth or 50th in the global rankings, this country is a serial polluter and successive governments have done nothing to mitigate this.

Source – 09/07/2017, The Sunday Times, See more at – http://www.sundaytimes.lk/170709/news/plastic-polluter-sri-lanka-victim-of-misinformation-by-world-bank-249195.html

Snakebites cost Lankan government more than $10 million annually : Study

Every year, snakebites cost the Sri Lankan government more than 10 million USD, and lead to economic loss of nearly 4 million USD for individuals, according to a new study in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.
 

The study was picked up by Medical Xpress and claimed victims of snakebites in poor rural communities in Asia, Africa, and Latin America are often young individuals who are earning a wage and have a considerable remaining life expectancy. Moreover, they often work in farming or other labor intensive jobs that they must take time off from in order to recover from a bite.

 David Lalloo, of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, UK, and colleagues from the University of Kelaniya used data from a nation-wide household survey conducted in Sri Lanka in 2013 and 2013 to estimate the number of snake bites and deaths from snake bites annually. To estimate the costs of the bites, they used additional household questionnaires and information gathered from hospital cost accounting systems, the report claimed.

79% of victims, the study found, suffered economic loss after a snake bite, with a median out of pocket cost of $11.82 and a median loss of income of $28.57 for those employed and $33.21 for those self-employed. To put this in context, the mean per capita income per month for people living in the rural areas studied was only $74 USD. The total annual economic burden on households was $3.8 USD. In addition, each year, the bites cost the national healthcare system $10.3 million USD—which is 0.7% of the country’s total healthcare costs—and lead to more than 11,000 years’ worth of disability time, the researchers calculated. The numbers were comparable to Sri Lanka’s annual spending on meningitis and dengue.

“It is unlikely that these costs will reduce in the near future as there is no indication that the high incidence of bites is declining,” the researchers say. “Even more concerning is the economic burden that snakebite places on victims and their households… It is highly likely in Sri Lanka that snakebite drives the same catastrophic costs for the poor as many other diseases.”

Source – 07/07/2017, Times Online, See more at – http://www.sundaytimes.lk/article/1027300/snakebites-cost-lankan-government-more-than-10-million-annually-report

Water shortage experienced in Polonnaruwa; Water is supplied to animals in bowsers

A warning has been issued to the people of the Polonnaruwa District that a severe water shortage would be experienced in the District if water is not used sparingly. The water level of all main tanks in the District have declined.
Farming in the District has come to halt due to a shortage of water. The Irrigation Department pointed out that cultivated paddy lands under the Minneriya tank Scheme needs 40,000 acre feet of more water. Also the Parakrama Samudra needs 10,000 acre feet of water while the Giritale tank needs another 3,000 acre feet of water. These water requirements are slated to be obtained from the Moragahakanda Reservoir. However, it is reported that this would become a major issue if rain is not experienced in the area.
Meanwhile a programme has been mooted to provide drinking water to animals in national sanctuaries within the Polonnaruwa district. Wild animals are facing a difficult task due to the severe drought prevailing in the Polonnaruwa District. Our correspondent reported that the animals are in the habit of arriving at locations where water is supplied through bowsers.

Source – 06/07/2017, ITN, See more at – https://www.itnnews.lk/local-news/water-shortage-experienced-in-polonnaruwa-water-is-supplied-to-animals-in-bowsers/

Garbage Management: Schools disappointed with the approach

Garbage has been a huge issue for many months now, both on a domestic level and on school level. With many focusing on what’s on the streets, little attention is paid to what our little girls and boys are going through when it comes to the approach taken by schools to manage their garbage.
The Daily Mirror learnt from students from various leading Colombo schools that the garbage management within the schools is not going as smoothly as it is externally portrayed. Schools have informed their students to bring lunch boxes and to refrain from bringing plastic bags, lunch sheets, regifoam boxes, etc.

Some schools have removed the garbage bins from each classroom, not providing the children with a place to throw their daily trash. In one such school students turned to the dustbins in the toilets, which resulted in the closure of all but one bathroom as a punishment. Students have expressed their dissatisfaction with the fact that the schools expect them to put their garbage in their school bags as they are not allowed to bring polythene bags to even collect their trash.

Some students also stated that there was only one garbage bin allocated for each building, where you cannot throw paper or plastic. Students have also expressed dissatisfaction with the fact that the teachers do not have to follow the same rules of not bringing plastic.

Parents too are very discontent with the way the schools are handling garbage management deeming it as “too sudden” and that such practices should be brought in slowly and not in such a rapid manner. Instead of teaching student on how and why they should manage their garbage, schools are trying to solve the problem by getting rid of the garbage created by the students as a whole.

It was also revealed that certain schools have not adopted any form of managing their garbage with the students and continue to allow children to bring plastic. Some schools even take to burning their paper instead of sending it for recycling.
However, on a brighter note, we also learnt that many schools have adopted the three bin concept inside and outside the classrooms and food served in the canteen is served in paper bags, paper plates or put right into the student’s lunch boxes.

Speaking to Tissa Hewavithana, Secretary of the State Ministry of Education, the Daily Mirror learnt that the Ministry had sent a circular last year towards the end of December, regarding on how to maintain school premises in order to prevent the spread of dengue. In the circular schools have been asked to reduce the use of plastic and to bring every child to have quality cooked food in lunch boxes.

The circular has also asked schools to manage their garbage and become familiar with separating the garbage in bins. Regarding the fact that certain schools had removed the bins from the classrooms as a whole, Mr. Hewavithana advised that maybe they could have three bins in the classrooms to encourage and teach the children on how to separate their daily trash.
He further said, “We need to give the children the necessary knowledge on the management of garbage, on the separation of degradable and non-degradable garbage and its importance which can be done by including this in the syllabus and our textbooks.

We have to be a part of this sustainable project where in a short period of time we get the children used to creating less garbage and managing it. What we aim to do is incorporate good habits in our children when it comes to maintaining a healthy environment and managing their garbage.”

  Garbage has been a huge issue for many months now, both on a domestic level and on school level. With many focusing on what’s on the streets, little attention is paid to what our little girls and boys are going through when it comes to the approach taken by schools to manage their garbage.

The Daily Mirror learnt from students from various leading Colombo schools that the garbage management within the schools is not going as smoothly as it is externally portrayed. Schools have informed their students to bring lunch boxes and to refrain from bringing plastic bags, lunch sheets, regifoam boxes, etc.

Some schools have removed the garbage bins from each classroom, not providing the children with a place to throw their daily trash.

In one such school students turned to the dustbins in the toilets, which resulted in the closure of all but one bathroom as a punishment. Students have expressed their dissatisfaction with the fact that the schools expect them to put their garbage in their school bags as they are not allowed to bring polythene bags to even collect their trash.

Some students also stated that there was only one garbage bin allocated for each building, where you cannot throw paper or plastic. Students have also expressed dissatisfaction with the fact that the teachers do not have to follow the same rules of not bringing plastic. Parents too are very discontent with the way the schools are handling garbage management deeming it as “too sudden” and that such practices should be brought in slowly and not in such a rapid manner.

Instead of teaching student on how and why they should manage their garbage, schools are trying to solve the problem by getting rid of the garbage created by the students as a whole.

It was also revealed that certain schools have not adopted any form of managing their garbage with the students and continue to allow children to bring plastic.

Some schools even take to burning their paper instead of sending it for recycling.   However, on a brighter note, we also learnt that many schools have adopted the three bin concept inside and outside the classrooms and food served in the canteen is served in paper bags, paper plates or put right into the student’s lunch boxes.

Speaking to Tissa Hewavithana, Secretary of the State Ministry of Education, the Daily Mirror learnt that the Ministry had sent a circular last year towards the end of December, regarding on how to maintain school premises in order to prevent the spread of dengue. In the circular schools have been asked to reduce the use of plastic and to bring every child to have quality cooked food in lunch boxes.

The circular has also asked schools to manage their garbage and become familiar with separating the garbage in bins. Regarding the fact that certain schools had removed the bins from the classrooms as a whole, Mr. Hewavithana advised that maybe they could have three bins in the classrooms to encourage and teach the children on how to separate their daily trash.

He further said, “We need to give the children the necessary knowledge on the management of garbage, on the separation of degradable and non-degradable garbage and its importance which can be done by including this in the syllabus and our textbooks. We have to be a part of this sustainable project where in a short period of time we get the children used to creating less garbage and managing it.

What we aim to do is incorporate good habits in our children when it comes to maintaining a healthy environment and managing their garbage.”

Source – 07/07/2017, DailyMirror, see more at – http://www.dailymirror.lk/article/Garbage-Management-Schools-disappointed-with-the-approach-132315.html

Newly introduced larva getting used to urban areas

A newly introduced larvae to control dengue has been released to the environment and they are getting used to the urban areas, Director of the Entomology and Parasitology Unit of the Medical Research Institute (MRI) Dr. Sagarika Samarasinghe told Daily Mirror yesterday.

She said, this larva called Toxorhynchites splendens was identified in 1911 in the world and used by different countries to control the spread of dengue with different success rates.

“The group headed by me started establishing the Toxorhynchites splendens colony in 2016. This is a tough research and therefore we can’t do it overnight. We have released these larvae to the environment several times without publicizing it, and this is the end result of the hard work and research conducted at the Medical Research Institute (MRI),” the doctor said.

Toxorhynchites splendens is about 19mm long and has a bluish-white metallic colour with a lifespan of 3 months. They mainly suck honey and plant juice. These larvae do not suck blood as their Proboscis has bent 90 degrees backwards. Therefore, no harm would be caused to humans. Their larva stage lasts for 5 weeks and this may exceed in cold climates.

These species are much bigger than the ordinary mosquitoes and are also called “elephant mosquito” or “mosquito eater”. It is crucial to mention that these larvae are not herbivorous but carnivorous. These mosquitoes lay their eggs while flying. Hence, they can lay their eggs in places where we cannot reach and can consume dengue larvae in the hidden places,” she said.

Dr. Samarasinghe categorically emphasized not to depend on this method alone as it will not be sufficient to wholly eliminate the dengue (Sheain Fernandopulle)

http://www.dailymirror.lk/article/Newly-introduced-larva-getting-used-to-urban-areas-132281.html

SC halts garbage dumping in Muthurajawela

The Supreme Court today issued an injunction order prohibiting the Colombo Municipal Council (CMC) from disposing garbage in Muthurajawela till July 20.

A petition filed by several residents in the area seeking a court order against the disposal of garbage at the Muthurajawela site was taken up before a judge bench comprising Chief Justice Priyasad Dep and Justice Upali Abeyratne.

The petition states that waste collected from Colombo is being disposed in Muthurajawela despite the area being named an Environmental Conservation Zone and that this has resulted in several environmental and health issues surfacing.

The attorney appearing on behalf of the Municipal Commissioner of the CMC informed the court that waste disposal at the site had been halted since last evening. He also pointed out that the site in question does not belong to the Environmental Conservation Zone.

The court inquired as to why a sustainable method of waste disposal in Colombo has not been established despite it being a longstanding issue.

In response to this, the attorney stated that efforts are underway to establish suitable and scientific processes for this and that certain waste management programmes had to be scrapped due to objections from the public.

Source – 05/07/2017, Ada Derana, See more at – http://www.adaderana.lk/news/41731/sc-halts-garbage-dumping-in-muthurajawela

Two nabbed over an illegal racket of sea cucumbers and shark fins

Naval personnel attached to the North Central Naval Command have taken into custody two suspects engaged in an illegal racket of sea cucumbers and shark fins.

The operation was launched by the Navy in collaboration with Vankalai Police. The arrest was made this morning on an intelligence tip-off to the Navy.

The racketeers were apprehended while they were attempting to smuggle these stocks concealed in 20 packages in a dinghy. Among the stocks were 553 kg of shark fins and 317 kg of sea cucumbers.

The apprehended suspects, sea cucumbers, shark fins and the dinghy were handed over to the Jaffna Customs Office for further investigations.

Source – 04/07/2017, ITN , See more at – https://www.itnnews.lk/local-news/two-nabbed-over-an-illegal-racket-of-sea-cucumbers-and-shark-fins/